\r\n In the pediatric and neonatal intensive care units Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication where Renal transplantation therapy  is frequently implemented in children in whom the supportive therapy is not to the mark to touch the metabolic demands. In majority, peritoneal dialysis is more preferred for children in the times of renal transplantation because of the non-complexity of the procedure. In most of the pediatric end stage renal nephrology disease, peritoneal nephrology dialysis is more preferred as it can be done even in home.

\r\n  

\r\n
• \r\n Advanced Therapies for Pediatrics
\r\n
• \r\n Pediatric Renal Failure
\r\n
• \r\n Pediatric Kidney Failure Diet
\r\n
• \r\n Pediatric Kidney Dialysis
\r\n
• \r\n Clinical Pediatric Nephrology
\r\n
• \r\n Pediatric Renal Transplantation
\r\n

\r\n  

\r\n Nephrology is a class of medicine that deals with the infections of the kidneys and bladders and it concentrate on the diagnosis and treatment of Nephrology maladies. The kidneys are matched retroperitoneal organs that lie at the level of the T12 to L3 vertebral bodies. The kidney has a fibrous capsule, which is encompassed by Para renal fat. The kidney itself can be separated into renal parenchyma, comprising of renal cortex and medulla, and the renal sinus containing renal pelvis, calyces, renal vessels, nerves, lymphatic and per renal fat. This renal parenchyma has two layers: cortex and medulla. The renal cortex lies incidentally under the case while the renal medulla comprises of 10-14 renal pyramids, which are isolated from each other by an augmentation of renal cortex called renal segments. The kidneys serve vital capacities, including filtration and discharge of metabolic waste items (urea and ammonium); control of essential electrolytes, liquid, and corrosive base adjust; and incitement of red platelet generation. They likewise serve to direct pulse by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone framework, controlling reabsorption of water and keeping up intravascular volume. The kidneys additionally reabsorb glucose and amino acids and have hormonal capacities through erythropoietin, calcitriol, and vitamin D activation.

\r\n Pediatrics Nephrology

\r\n Clinical Nephrology

\r\n Integrative Nephrology

\r\n Nephrology & Urology

\r\n  

\r\n Healthcare and technology can be termed as health information technology (HIT) or Health IT. The HIT is the application of knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures, and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve the quality of lives. In recent days, most of the healthcare units and providers are using health IT to improve patient care. Advancements in medical technology have allowed physicians to better diagnose and treat their patients since the beginning of the professional practice of medicine.

\r\n  

\r\n Depression treatment comprises the alteration in the standard of living. Mainly Workout, systematic exercise can be as operative at treating depression as medication. Not only does exercise increase serotonin, endorphins, and other feel-good brain substances, it generates the progression of new brain cells and networks, just like antidepressants do. Psychological treatments that have been found to be operative as depression treatment contain Cognitive Behaviour Therapy(CBT), Interpersonal Therapy (IPT), and Mindfulness-based treatments. Individuals might also be offered an antidepressant, either on its own or in arrangement with a speaking treatment. Depression Treatment contains different types of antidepressants such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic-related drugs and other antidepressants.

\r\n  

\r\n Health care is improved maintenance or of health through prevention, diagnosis, treatment of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental issues in human beings. Healthcare is delivered by health professionals like Physicians and associates. Nursing, Dentistry, medicine, psychology, and other health professions are part of healthcare.  Healthcare systems are established to meet the health needs of targeted populations.  It includes work done in providing primary, secondary, and tertiary care.

\r\n High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, affects millions, even children and teens. It is a common condition that catches up with most people who live into older age. The exact cause of hypertension is unknown, but there are several factors and conditions that may contribute to its occurrence. In the USA about 82% of the total population is suffering from Hypertension.

\r\n

\r\n Few reports are given below:

Age-adjusted awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among adults with hypertension: United States, 2009–2012

Global Report on Hypertension

Projected Mortality Trend from 2008 to 2030 for Major Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases

\r\n Treating high blood pressure can take a multi-pronged approach including diet changes, medication, and exercise. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is dangerous because it can lead to strokes, heart attacks, heart failure, or kidney disease. The goal of hypertension treatment is to lower high blood pressure and protect important organs, like the brain, heart, and kidneys from damage. Treatment for hypertension has been associated with reductions in stroke (reduced an average of 35%-40%), heart attack (20%-25%), and heart failure (more than 50%), according to research. because hypertension rarely causes specific symptoms, it is not identified until an individual’s blood pressure is measured by a physician or it causes a catastrophic complication such as stroke or heart attack. Accurate diagnosis by blood pressure measurement is essential.

\r\n  

\r\n  High blood pressure can be cured. The disease can be controlled by following a proper and healthy lifestyle. As per recommended by various doctors by having a healthy lifestyle, eating less salt in your regular diet, quitting smoking, consuming the limited amount of alcohol can help in curing the disease. In addition to this regular exercise will also help in controlling the disease. Drug treatments are available too for Hypertension. Various drugs are available in the market that allows the individual person to do that in which few are-Thiazide diuretics, Beta blockers, Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), Calcium channel blockers, Central-acting agents, Alpha blockers, Aldosterone antagonists.

\r\n High blood pressure, which is also called hypertension, increases the risk of developing many serious health problems, including heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure recommendations have defined “hypertension” as a BP of ≥140/90 mm Hg. The risk of cardiovascular disease in the patient with hypertension can be greatly reduced with effective antihypertensive therapy. Maintaining normal body weight, following a proper diet plan, exercising regularly, avoiding high-sodium content foods, limited alcohol consumption and appropriate medications as prescribed by the doctor may lead to a controlled and manageable blood pressure account.

\r\n  

\r\n High blood pressure has several causative factors like age, race, case history and obesity, not being physically active, overwhelming tobacco, an excessive amount of salt (sodium) in diet, deficient Vitamin D in the diet, drinking an excessive amount of alcohol, stress and bound chronic conditions. Though high pressure is commonest in adults, youngsters are also in danger, too. For a few youngsters, high pressure is caused by issues with the kidneys or heart except for a growing variety of youngsters, poor fashion habits, like an unhealthy diet, fleshiness, physiological condition and lack of exercise contributes to high pressure. Cardiovascular disease represents the leading reason for morbidity and mortality in Western countries, and hypertension-related vessel events influence regarding 37 million individuals annually, worldwide.

\r\n  

\r\n A Phobia is a kind of anxiety disorder, demarcated by an insistent and extreme fear of an object or condition. The phobia typically results in a sudden commencement of terror and is present for more than six months. The exaggerated person will go to countless extents to elude the circumstances or object, to a degree larger than the genuine danger posed. If the dreaded object or situation cannot be evaded, the affected person will have substantial distress.

\r\n Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be useful by permitting the tolerant to encounter dysfunctional opinions or beliefs by being aware of their own feelings, with the goal that the patient will understand that his or her fear is irrational.

\r\n  

\r\n Stress may be a response to risk or burden. Under stress we may have an inclination to feel worried, tensed, or on edge. The stress reaction is usually physical, too. Stress generates a stream of a hormone called adrenaline; this hormone provisionally affects the nervous system of a person. Stress will have a consequence on each ways that displaying emotion and physically, and it will have an effect on the means someone acts. Insomnia can be initiated by medical situations and psychiatric conditions, specific constituents, unhealthy sleep behaviours or certain biological factors. Insomnia can be a difficulty with too much wake effort or too little sleep effort. Insomnia itself will create variations in attitude and shifts in hormones and physiology will cause each psychiatrical problems and  insomnia at the same time.

\r\n  

\r\n Hypertension refers to the pressure that blood applies to the inner walls of the arteries. Obesity increases the chances of cardiovascular disease. The individual session in this focuses on obesity-related cardiovascular disease, its interaction with the outcomes of hypertension, risk factors, treatment and management of cardiovascular disease. Obesity-associated arterial hypertension is characterized by activation of the sympathetic system, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and sodium retention, among different abnormalities. It's calculable that excess weight accounted for about twenty-sixth of cases of cardiovascular disease in men and twenty-eighth in ladies, and for about twenty third of cases of the coronary cardiovascular disease in men and 15 % in ladies. Obese people have a rise in adipose tissue that will increase their tube resistance and successively will increase the work the heart must do to pump blood throughout the body. Anti-hypertension medications ought to be started if hypertension is diagnosed. But, with weight-loss, a major fall in force per unit area could allow a decrease within the range of medicines taken or decrease the quantity of medication taken. Prevention would be better than any drug.

\r\n  

\r\n Cardiac arrest can be defined as a sudden stop in effective blood flow due to the failure of the heart. It is caused when the heart's electrical system malfunctions. The individual section in the session talks about all the related heart diseases. In cardiac arrest death results when the heart suddenly stops working properly. This may be caused by abnormal, or irregular, heart rhythms, cardiomyopathy (A thickened heart muscle), Heart medications, Electrical abnormalities, Recreational drug uses. Some symptoms of the arrest could be a sudden loss of responsiveness, abnormal breathing, fainting, fatigue, blackouts, dizziness, chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, and vomiting. The most common cause for Cardiac arrest is the coronary heart disease. Coronary artery disease often results in coronary ischemia and ventricular fibrillation.

\r\n  

\r\n Gestational hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is that the development of recent cardiovascular disease in a very pregnant lady when twenty weeks gestation while not the presence of super molecule within the excretory product or different signs of  Pre-eclampsia. It's a brief identification for hypertensive pregnant ladies who don't meet criteria for pre-eclampsia or chronic cardiovascular disease. The identification is modified to, pre-eclampsia if a symptom or new signs of end-organ pathology develop and chronic (primary or secondary) cardiovascular disease if blood pressure elevation persists ≥12 weeks postnatally. The risk factors for Gestational hypertension comprise maternal causes like obesity, past history or adolescent maternity, multiple gestations, and case history. There's no specific treatment, however, it's monitored closely to quickly establish pre-eclampsia and its grave complications. Drug treatment choices are restricted, as several medications might negatively influence the craniate.

\r\n Renal hypertension also called as Renovascular high blood pressure, is elevated pressure caused by nephrosis. It's a syndrome that consists of high pressure caused by the kidneys' secretion response to narrowing of the arteries activity the kidneys (renal artery stenosis). Once functioning properly this secretion axis regulates pressure. Due to the low native blood flow, the kidneys erroneously increase the pressure of the complete vascular system. It's a kind of secondary high blood pressure, a kind of hypertension whose cause is classifiable. This session mainly accounts for the assorted causes and symptoms of renovascular high blood pressure, alongside its pathological process, diagnosis, and treatment. High pressure is dangerous partially because the patients usually don't expertise the symptoms, thus organ injury will occur slowly while not being recognized. situations, a procedure like angioplasty or stenting, to improve blood flow to the kidneys can often help

\r\n Resistant hypertension is defined as blood pressure that remains above goal in spite of the concurrent use of 3 antihypertensive agents of different classes. This section talks about the Resistance Hypertension causes, diagnostics, treatments and controls ideally, one of the 3 agents should be a diuretic and all agents should be prescribed at optimal dose amounts. Although arbitrary in regard to the number of medications required, resistant hypertension is thus defined in order to identify patients who are at high risk of having reversible causes of hypertension and/or patients who, because of persistently high blood pressure levels, may benefit from special diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

\r\n  

\r\n Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a type of anxiety sickness which an individual may develop after being involved in, or witnessing any traumatic events. The disorder was first recognised in soldiers and has been recognized by multiple names, such as 'shell shock'. But it's not only diagnosed in soldiers but also a wide range of harrowing experiences can lead to PTSD. PTSD may be described contrarily in some situations: if an individual’s symptoms develop more than six months after experiencing trauma, this might be designated as 'delayed PTSD' .If a person experienced trauma at an early age or it continued for a long time, you might be given an analysis of 'complex PTSD'. PTSD that develops after a shocking experience of labour is also known as 'birth trauma'.

\r\n  

\r\n Psychopharmacology is demarcated as a scientific study that deals with the influence of medicines have on mood, perception, discerning, and activities. Psychopharmacology is differentiated from Neuropsychopharmacology that highlights the relationship between drug made changes within the working. Psychoactive drugs relate mainly with specific receptors or target sites found in the nervous system to persuade pervasive change of cells within the nervous system and alters the consciousness and behavioral changes in psychological or physiological functions.

\r\n  

\r\n Pediatric hypertension inclines to hypertension and cardiovascular malady in grown-up life. Despite clear rules, there remains an absence of screening. Determination stays testing given the high rate of false-positive hypertension (BP) readings at a solitary visit; along these lines, different visits are required to affirm the analysis. Contingent upon the regulating informational indexes utilized, hypertension in overweight and large kids can be thought little of by up to 20%. BP targets are required for subgroups, for example, youths, kids with constant kidney sickness (CKD) and sort 1 diabetes. High dietary salt admission is a hazard factor for the cardiovascular ailment. Given the ascent in handled sustenance utilization, kids in created countries are probably going to profit by salt limitation at a populace-based level.

\r\n  

\r\n Stress therapy includes a number of tactics that are intended to benefit an individual deal with equally with the physical and emotional parts of the  stress response. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) integrates methods such as meditation, gentle yoga  to benefit people learn how to handle with stress. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) syndicates mindfulness methods like meditation and breathing exercises with cognitive therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy is frequently an effective form of therapy for stress.

\r\n  

\r\n Every individual who has a job has, at certain point, felt the burden of work-related stress. Any work may have traumatic elements. In the short-range, you may experience burden to come across a target or to achieve a challenging compulsion. But when work stress becomes prolonged, it can be devastating — and dangerous to both physical and emotional fitness. Workplace stress is a foremost hazard feature for anxiety and  depression. However, there are some tactics everybody can implement to succeed and decrease their own stress levels, as well as discovering a constructive work-life stability for example stable diet, working out daily, having sufficient sleep and avoiding harmful levels of liquor and other drugs all subsidise to mental wellness.

\r\n  

\r\n Hypertension is the disorder where the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently raised at a constant rate. This is also called as high blood pressure or high vital sign or blood vessel cardiovascular disease. This session primarily covers the various sorts of cardiovascular disease and their evaluation. There are two major categories of cardiovascular disease. The primary disease and secondary disease. Almost 90-95 % of cases are primary and the main cause behind it is the unhealthy lifestyle followed by excessive consumption of alcohol, salt, body weight etc. Remaining 5-10% of individuals suffer this due to thinning of kidney arteries, chronic kidney diseases, and endocrine disorder.  Assessment of cardiovascular disease primarily includes Confirmation of hypertension, Risk factors, Fundamental causes, organ injury & Indications and contraindications of medication. Hypertension could be a major threat issue for cardiopathy and stroke. The American Heart Association (AHA) estimated the direct and indirect costs of hypertension in 2010 were $76.6 billion.

\r\n